Aftershocks are one of the most dangerous phases following a major earthquake. Many serious injuries occur not during the main shock, but minutes or hours later when people lower their guard. Based on my experience as a former firefighter responding to earthquake scenes, I explain how to survive aftershocks safely and avoid preventable injuries.
- Table of Contents
- ■① Understand Why Aftershocks Are Dangerous
- ■② Stay in a Safe Position After the Main Shock
- ■③ Avoid Entering Damaged Buildings
- ■④ Protect Yourself From Falling Debris
- ■⑤ Know When and How to Evacuate
- ■⑥ Be Extra Careful at Night
- ■⑦ Manage Fear and Prevent Panic
- ■⑧ Continue Safety Measures Until Stability Returns
- ■Summary｜Aftershocks Are a Test of Discipline
Table of Contents
- Understand Why Aftershocks Are Dangerous
- Stay in a Safe Position After the Main Shock
- Avoid Entering Damaged Buildings
- Protect Yourself From Falling Debris
- Know When and How to Evacuate
- Be Extra Careful at Night
- Manage Fear and Prevent Panic
- Continue Safety Measures Until Stability Returns
■① Understand Why Aftershocks Are Dangerous
Aftershocks can:
- Be strong enough to collapse weakened structures
- Occur minutes, hours, or days later
- Strike without warning
- Cause additional fires and utility failures
Never assume the danger is over after the first quake.
■② Stay in a Safe Position After the Main Shock
Immediately after the main earthquake:
- Remain in a protected position
- Stay low and away from unstable objects
- Be ready to Drop, Cover, and Hold On again
Standing up too early leads to injuries during sudden aftershocks.
■③ Avoid Entering Damaged Buildings
Aftershocks frequently cause partial collapses:
- Do not reenter damaged structures
- Avoid buildings with visible cracks or tilting
- Stay clear of walls, facades, and balconies
Many fatalities occur during reentry after the main quake.
■④ Protect Yourself From Falling Debris
Loose objects become deadly during aftershocks:
- Stay away from shelves and hanging items
- Wear shoes to protect from broken glass
- Use helmets or head protection if available
Head injuries are common during secondary shaking.
■⑤ Know When and How to Evacuate
Evacuation must be deliberate:
- Evacuate only if the structure is unsafe
- Use stairs, never elevators
- Move calmly and follow planned routes
- Expect shaking during evacuation
Rushing increases the risk of falls and crushing injuries.
■⑥ Be Extra Careful at Night
Aftershocks at night are especially dangerous:
- Keep flashlights within reach
- Move slowly in the dark
- Avoid walking barefoot
- Stay alert for repeated shaking
Poor visibility multiplies injury risk.
■⑦ Manage Fear and Prevent Panic
Fear causes dangerous behavior:
- Control breathing and stay focused
- Avoid spreading rumors
- Follow official information sources
- Help others remain calm
Calm decisions save lives during repeated shocks.
■⑧ Continue Safety Measures Until Stability Returns
Aftershocks may continue for days:
- Maintain emergency supplies
- Sleep in safe locations if necessary
- Keep exits clear
- Stay informed about warnings
Preparedness must continue beyond the first day.
■Summary｜Aftershocks Are a Test of Discipline
Surviving aftershocks requires patience, awareness, and continued caution. The danger remains even when the main earthquake has passed.
Conclusion:
As a former firefighter who has witnessed injuries caused by aftershocks, I can say with certainty that people who stay alert, avoid damaged buildings, and remain prepared suffer far fewer injuries. Aftershocks do not forgive complacency—discipline and caution are what keep you alive.
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