The first 60 seconds of an earthquake are the most critical. Panic causes injuries, while calm and immediate action saves lives. As a disaster specialist, I explain exactly what to do during that first minute when strong shaking begins.
■① First 0–10 Seconds: Protect Your Head and Neck Immediately
When the shaking starts:
- Drop to the ground at once
- Cover your head and neck with your arms
- Move away from windows and heavy furniture
- Do NOT run outside
Most injuries occur from falling objects in these first seconds.
■② 10–30 Seconds: Take Cover Under Sturdy Furniture
If possible:
- Get under a strong table or desk
- Hold on to its legs to prevent movement
- Stay low to avoid flying debris
- Keep your face covered
This position protects you during structural shaking.
■③ 30–45 Seconds: Stay Put and Hold On
During intense shaking:
- Do not try to move locations
- Keep holding on to your shelter
- Stay away from cabinets, appliances, and glass
- Remain calm and breathe steadily
Moving during shaking is extremely dangerous.
■④ 45–60 Seconds: Prepare for What Comes Next
When the shaking begins to weaken:
- Stay where you are until movement fully stops
- Listen for hazards such as broken glass or gas leaks
- Prepare to evacuate carefully after the shaking ends
- Check on family members near you
The first minute ends, but the danger does not.
■⑤ After the First Minute: Transition to Post-Quake Safety Actions
Once the shaking stops:
- Be ready for aftershocks
- Evacuate if the building seems unsafe
- Turn off utilities if you suspect damage
- Follow emergency alerts and official instructions
The decisions made immediately after shaking are just as important.
■Summary
The first 60 seconds of an earthquake require fast, calm action. Dropping, covering, and holding on protect you from falling debris—the leading cause of injuries. Remaining in place and preparing for aftershocks ensure continued safety. Mastering this one-minute response dramatically increases survival.
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